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Abstract

July-September 2015 | Vol. 8 | Issue 3 | Page No 10-14
Genome Editing: Precise and CRISPER
Annapurna Gupta and Meenal Agarwal
Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
Address for Correspondence Email: meenal91@gmail.com
 
Abstract
Creation of a desired change in the genome either by gene addition/ gene insertion/ gene correction at targeted sites is known as genome editing. The various methods that are being conventionally used for genome editing typically include a nucleotide or amino acid sequence which identify the targeted genomic site and a nuclease which produces double stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). These DSBs are then repaired by using cellular intrinsic DNA repair machinery. If these broken DNA ends are joined end to end it leads to either insertion or deletion of a few nucleotides which often disrupts the reading frame and leads to frame shift mutation. This method of DNA repair which is called as nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is more commonly used but being error prone, it often causes the knocking down of a functioning gene. The other method for repair of DSBs, homology directed repair (HDR), wherein breaks are repaired by complementary pairing to a template strand, is more accurate and by providing an already synthesized DNA template strand, desired gene modifications are possible.
 
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