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Abstract
July-September 2017 | Vol. 10 | Issue 3 | Page No 10-18 | |||
Non-immune Fetal Hydrops: An Update | |||
Gayatri N1, Ashwani Tandon2 and Prajnya Ranganath1 | |||
1Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 2Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad | |||
Address for Correspondence Email: prajnyaranganath@gmail.com | |||
Abstract ‘Hydrops fetalis’ is a Greek term which refers to the pathological accumulation of fluid in fetal soft tissues and serous cavities. Non-immune fetal hydrops (NIFH) is defined as fluid accumulation in at least 2 fetal body compartments in the absence of red cell isoimmunisation (Moise, 2008). Abnormal fluid collection may be ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion or generalised skin edema (skin thickness >5mm) (Figure 1). Other frequent sonographic findings associated with fetal hydrops include placental thickening and polyhydramnios. The placental thickness (in mm) is normally equal to the gestational age (in weeks) +/- 10 mm; if the placental thickness exceeds this range, it is considered as increased placental thickening (Moise, 2008). With the widespread use of routine antiD prophylaxis in Rh-negative mothers, prevalence of RhD alloimmunisation and associated hydrops has dramatically decreased and especially in developed countries, NIFH now accounts for almost 90% of cases of hydrops fetalis. The progressive fall in the incidence of immunologic hydrops fetalis has fostered growing interest in non-immune fetal hydrops. The world-wide prevalence of NIFH is estimated to range from 1 in 1500 to 1 in 3800 births (Bellini et al., 2015). | |||
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